The common excavator structure includes power unit, working device, rotary mechanism, operating mechanism, transmission mechanism, walking mechanism and auxiliary facilities.
The transmission mechanism transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other actuating elements through the hydraulic pump to push the work device to complete various operations.
Traveling device
The running device is the chassis, including the track frame and running system, which mainly consists of track frame, running motor + reducer and its pipeline, driving wheel, guiding wheel, bracket wheel, supporting wheel, track and tensioning buffer device, whose function is to support the weight of the excavator and transform the power transmitted by the driving wheel into traction to realize the running of the whole machine.
The frame assembly (i.e. crawler frame assembly) is an integral welded part with X-shaped structure, the main advantage of which is its high load-bearing capacity. The frame assembly consists of three parts: left longitudinal beam (i.e. left track frame), main frame (i.e. middle frame) and right longitudinal beam (i.e. right track frame) welded together. The weight of the frame assembly is 2 tons.
The central rotary joint is the hydraulic component that connects the rotary platform and the chassis oil circuit, it ensures that after the rotary platform rotates at any angle, the travel motor can still be normally oiled, the rotary joint is 5 way.
Working device
The working device is the main component of hydraulic excavator, currently SY series excavator is equipped with backhoe working device, it is mainly used to excavate the soil below the stopping surface, but also can excavate the soil below the maximum cutting height, in addition to digging pits, trenching, loading can also carry out simple leveling site work. Excavation work is adapted to excavate Ⅰ~Ⅳ level soil, above V level with hydraulic hammer or need blasting means.
The backhoe working device is composed of the main parts such as moving arm, bucket bar, bucket, rocker, connecting rod and hydraulic line of working device including moving arm cylinder, bucket bar cylinder and bucket cylinder.
Power transmission route table
- Walking power transmission route: diesel engine – coupling – hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) – distribution valve – -Central rotary joint – walking motor (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) – reduction gearbox – drive wheel –track chain tracks – to achieve walking
- Slewing motion transmission route: diesel engine – coupling – hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) – distribution valve – slewing motor (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) – gearbox – slewing bearing – to achieve slewing
- Dynamic arm movement transmission route: diesel engine – coupling – hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) – distribution valve – dynamic arm cylinder (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) – to achieve dynamic arm movement
- Bucket rod movement transmission route: diesel engine – coupling – hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) – distribution valve – bucket rod cylinder (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) – to achieve bucket rod movement
- Bucket movement transmission route: diesel engine – coupling – hydraulic pump (mechanical energy into hydraulic energy) – distribution valve – bucket cylinder (hydraulic energy into mechanical energy) – to achieve bucket movement
Composition and function of power system
- Air intake system — Net cover→Hose→Air filter→Hose→Supercharger→Hose→Intercooler→Hose→Engine
- Exhaust system – supercharger → expansion joint → muffler → exhaust pipe
- Cooling system – water tank → hose → thermostat → water pump → diesel engine → hose → water tank
- Throttle control system – stepper motor → reducer → worm gear drive → throttle pull cable → diesel throttle – high idle speed, low idle speed limit switch
- Fuel feed system: fuel tank → hose → hand oil pump → coarse filter → fine filter → diesel engine
- Fuel return system: diesel engine → hose → fuel tank (the return volume is relatively large, use it for partial cooling)
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